Western Burrowing Owl – State Wildlife Action Plan

Western Burrowing Owl

Photo Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

The Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) is a small, ground-nesting owl that measures 19 to 25 centimeters in length and weighs between 150 and 170 grams. It lives in grassland and shrubland habitats. Its small size, diurnal behavior, and habit of bobbing its head make it easy to recognize and hard to confuse with any other owl species in Oregon or the rest of the United States.

The owl has a rounded head with no ear tufts and bright yellow eyes. Its feathers are buff-brown with white spots or streaks. They have long legs with small feathers that end in bristles above the feet. Males and females lare similar in appearance, though males are, on average, about 3% larger. Juveniles start out with solid buff-colored breasts, but after their first molt they look similar to adults.

Overview

  • Species Common Name Western Burrowing Owl
  • Species Scientific Name Athene cunicularia hypugaea
  • Federal Listing Status Species of Concern
  • State Listing Status Sensitive

Ecoregions

Special needs

Burrowing Owls depend heavily upon burrows created by other species, especially badgers, for nesting. They prefer burrow sites with a high proportion of bare ground. Large expanses of grasslands are needed for foraging and nesting due to relatively large home range requirements. Scattered shrubs, trees or posts are used for singing perches. Prefer habitat with structural diversity, variation in forb height and vegetation cover class <25 cm in height.

Limiting factors

Burrow availability is an important limiting factor for this species. Reductions in the size and number of burrows are due, in part, to habitat loss, declines in burrowing mammal populations, and collapse of burrows by livestock trampling. Disturbance during the nesting season, collisions with vehicles, potential impacts of pesticide use on neighboring agricultural lands, and illegal shooting of owls and/or badgers further threaten this species. Risk of flea transmitted diseases such as plague.

Conservation actions

• Maintain open ground cover following site specific prescriptions. Guidelines include >40-70%, shrub cover <15%, and native grass cover <40% and <6 inches tall in nesting areas. • Provide buffer zones around nest burrows where pesticide applications, rodent control and human disturbance is minimized at a minimum of 200m. • Protect badger populations in areas where burrowing owls are present • Ensure connectivity across occupied areas. • Establish, where appropriate, artificial nesting structures for population expansion

Key reference or plan

Johnson, D. H., D. C. Gillis, M. A. Gregg, J. L. Rebholz, J. L. Lincer, and J. R. Belthoff (2010). Users guide to installation of artificial burrows for Burrowing Owls. Read here

Status Assessment and Conservation Plan for the Western Burrowing Owl in the United States. Read here