California Mountain Kingsnake – State Wildlife Action Plan

California Mountain Kingsnake

Photo Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

California mountain kingsnakes are slender-bodied, medium sized snakes with approximately equivalent head and body width. They have a black snout and dark brown eyes. Coloration consists of bold red, black, and white rings, where red is always bordered on both sides by black rings. Although their coloration may resemble some venomous species as a defense against predation, California mountain kingsnakes are harmless. Knowledge of their biology is limited. They occupy moist oak and pine forests and chaparral habitats up to 3000’ elevation. California mountain kingsnakes are seldom observed and spend much of their time under cover objects. Adults are usually 30 inches in length but may reach 40 inches. Females lay 3–8 eggs in June or July with about 60 days incubation; offspring range from 7 to 11 inches in length. Prey consists of reptiles, birds, and small mammals.

Overview

  • Species Common Name California Mountain Kingsnake
  • Species Scientific Name Lampropeltis zonata
  • Federal Listing Status Species of Concern
  • State Listing Status Sensitive

Ecoregions

    Special needs

    California mountain kingsnakes are found in a variety of habitat types, including oak and pine woodlands, that continue to be converted, developed, and fragmented. Exact habitat requirements vary by region and depend upon local exposure, substrate type, and degree of isolation.

    Limiting factors

    The main causes of mortality in populations of California mountain kingsnake include illegal collection and habitat alteration (development, rock and debris removal by poachers). This species may be limited by the distribution of suitable habitat. Like other snakes, this species may experience high rates of road mortality. Life history traits including low dispersal ability and sensitivity to changes in temperature and moisture may indicate a relatively high vulnerability to climate change and associated threats.

    Conservation actions

    • Undertake habitat restoration and protection, including vegetation succession management to benefit the species.
    • Where snakes are known to occur, protect habitat features including riparian and upland vegetation, downed woody debris, and rocky outcrops.
    • Protect known hibernacula and sensitive habitats.
    • Prevent illegal collection.
    • Conduct surveys before implementing land management actions to avoid impacts to populations.
    • Plan transportation infrastructure to limit impacts to habitat connectivity and safe wildlife passage.

    Key reference or plan

    Larsen, E. M., editor. 1997. Management recommendations for Washington’s priority species, Volume III: Amphibians and Reptiles. Wash. Dept. Fish and Wildl., Olympia. 122pp. https://wdfw.wa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/00025/wdfw00025.pdf

    California Mountain Kingsnake (Lampropeltis zonata) Species Account for US Forest Service Region 5, Pre-public Review draft, August 2018

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328345874_California_Mountain_Kingsnake_Lampropeltis_zonata_Species_Account_for_US_Forest_Service_Region_5_Pre-public_Review_draft_August_2018

    Life History Traits