Wilson’s Phalarope – State Wildlife Action Plan

Wilson’s Phalarope

Photo is needed for this SGCN.

The Wilson’s Phalarope is the largest and most terrestrial of the three North American phalaropes. As with all phalaropes, females are larger and more brightly-colored than males. During nesting, females have pale blue/gray forehead and crown; white supercilium above the eye, borders black streak that passes from base of the bill, through and below the eye, sides of the neck; white streak from back of head, down nape to upper back; throat cinnamon buff. The scapulars and mantle are chestnut; wings gray brown and underparts and rump white; tail pale gray; bill black, legs gray/black. Breeding males are smaller and less bright. Breeds exclusively in N. America: its non-breeding distribution is Central and South America. After nesting, birds undertakes a molt migration with large populations staging on Lake Abert.

Overview

  • Species Common Name Wilson's Phalarope
  • Species Scientific Name Phalaropus tricolor
  • Federal Listing Status Proposed
  • State Listing Status Sensitive (pending)

Ecoregions

    Special needs

    Wilson’s Phalarope is a long distance migrant, breeding in interior wetlands across western states and provinces and moving south to wintering areas in Peru and Argentina. During migration, Wilson’s Phalaropes from across their breeding range concentrate at a few critical staging sites in the fall, including Lake Abert in Oregon. These lakes form a limited and unique ephemeral endorheic habitat as staging and breeding habitat for the species. Wilson’s Phalaropes are strongly dependent on saline lakes for food, including brine shrimp and alkali flies, that provide energy needed for long distance migration.

    Limiting factors

    Wilson’s Phalarope is highly dependent on a few sites during staging and breeding. Key staging and breeding habitats, including Lake Abert in Oregon, face growing ecological threats. Climate change-induced drought is reducing water levels and habitat availability, while lithium and other rare-earth metals mining, along with shrimp harvesting along the migratory flyway, further degrade these environments. Additionally, the expansion of wind energy development raises concerns due to potential construction disturbances, increased mortality from collisions, and habitat displacement.

    Conservation actions

    • Secure and manage water levels during periods of use at key saline lake stopover locations consistent with habitat needs for the species.
    • Protect ephemeral endorheic habitat as staging and breeding habitat for the species – between North America and wintering areas in Peru and Argentina identified by WHSRN.

    Key reference or plan

    Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network. Read here

    The North American Waterbird Conservation Plan. 2002. Read here